Intervention Value of Path-Type Health Education on Cognition and Renal Function of Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze and examine the effectiveness of path-based health education for patients with diabetic nephropathy and renal function. METHODS: The 162 diabetic nephropathy patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected, and participants were randomly assigned to groups: study group (n = 79) and control group (n = 83). The control group received routine nursing care, whereas the study group received path-type health education. GQOLI-74, MUIS-A scores, biochemical indicators, dietary indicators, cognition, blood glucose levels, and renal function were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The GQOLI-74 score of the two groups was substantially higher, while the MUIS-A score was significantly lower, although the study group changed more significantly (P < 0.05) than the control group. The biochemical markers in both groups decreased significantly, but the study group changed more dramatically (P0.05) than the control group; the nutritional index values of both groups increased significantly, but the study group's nutritional index values increased significantly (P0.05) when compared to those of the control group; the control group's awareness of drug treatment, basic knowledge, exercise, and diet was 79.4 percent, 78.9 percent, 73.4 percent, and 91.0 percent, respectively, and the study group's awareness of drug treatment, basic knowledge, exercise, and diet was 90.3%, 96.4%, 92.8%, and 94.0%. The study group exhibited greater awareness (P0.05) than the control group. The blood glucose indices of both groups were dramatically lowered; however, the study group's blood glucose level declined more significantly (P0.05) than the control group. The renal function indices of both groups were considerably lower, but the study group's renal function indexes were significantly lower (P0.05) than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Pathway health education is a new nursing method that can adjust nutritional indicators, improve blood sugar and kidney function, and significantly increase patients' awareness of the disease, which can further improve patient compliance with treatment. This nursing method has high application feasibility and high clinical value.

Cuidados de enfermagem na hemodiálise / Nursing care in hemodialysis / Cuidados de enfermeria en la hemodiálisis

Objetivo: Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem realizados ao paciente em hemodiálise. Método: Revisão integrativa da produção científica brasileira sobre a temática do cuidado de enfermagem em hemodiálise produzida nos últimos dez anos, disponíveis na base de dados do Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior. Para a avaliação da informação os autores elaboraram um instrumento com três variáveis relacionadas à questão que norteia o estudo. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 22 estudos. Identificou-se um total de sete temáticas: relacionamento interpessoal, educação em saúde, cuidado centrado no paciente, cuidado da ingesta, cuidado do acesso venoso, adaptação à hemodiálise e segurança do paciente respetivamente. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a necessidade de um aprofundamento por parte de enfermagem no cuidado a partir das subjetividades que contextualizam ao paciente inserido em hemodiálise

Objective: To identify the nursing care provided to patients on hemodialysis. Method: An integrative review of the Brazilian scientific production on the theme of hemodialysis nursing care produced in the last ten years, available in the Database of Theses Database of the Higher Education Personal Improvement Coordination. To evaluate the information, the authors elaborated an instrument with three variables related to issue that guides the study. Results: The final sample consisted of 22 studies. A total seven themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, health Education, patient-centered care, care of the ingestions, care of venous access, adaptation to hemodialysis and patient safety respectively. Conclusion: The need for deepening on the part of nursing care is emphasized based on the subjectivities that contextualize the patient inserted in hemodialysis

Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería realizados al paciente en hemodiálisis. Método: Revisión integrativa de la producción científica brasileña sobre la temática del cuidado de enfermería en hemodiálisis producida en los últimos diez años, disponibles en la base de datos de Banco de tesis de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento Personal de nivel superior. Para evaluar la información los autores diseñaron un instrumento con tres variables relacionadas a la pregunta norteadora de este estudio. Resultados: La muestra final fue constituida por 22 estudios. Se identificó un total de siete temáticas: relacionamiento interpersonal, educación en salud, cuidado centrado en el paciente, cuidado de la ingesta, cuidado del acceso venoso, adaptación a la hemodiálisis y seguridad del paciente respectivamente. Conclusión: Resalta la necesidad de una profundización por parte de enfermería en relación al cuidado a partir de las subjetividades que contextualizan al paciente insertado en hemodiálisis

[Augmentation cystoplasty: Perioperative management for urologic nurses]. / L'entérocystoplastie d'agrandissement : indications et principes de prise en charge pour l'IDE en urologie.

INTRODUCTION: Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical option to restore a good capacity bladder reservoir able to fill at low pressure. METHODS: The authors present the main principles for perioperative management for urologic nurses. RESULTS: AC is usually made with a piece of ileum patched to the bladder. Patient education programs are very important and are usually managed by urologic nurses. It begins in preoperative phase with the self-catheterization learning and continue in the postoperative phase with advises and prevention of the urinary mucus. CONCLUSION: AC are tricky surgeries but management and education of patients by urological nurses are key points to avoid chronic infection, stones or AC perforation.

Does the intravascular volume status in haemodialysis patients measured by inferior vena cava ultrasound correlate with bioimpedance spectroscopy?

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of traditional clinical predialytic fluid assessment by renal nurses and the efficacy of 2 additional fluid assessment methods focussing on the potential preventative effect for intradialytic hypotension (IDH). BACKGROUND: Predialytic fluid assessment remains a daily challenge for renal nurses, when aiming for adverse event free haemodialysis treatments. Adding further objective parameters obtained through noninvasive methods into pre- and intradialytic fluid assessment could potentially improve health outcomes for haemodialysis patients. DESIGN: Comparative, observational study of three fluid assessment methods on their reliability on volume status and correlation to clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical predialytic nursing fluid assessments in 30 haemodialysis patients were compared with additional initial bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurements, and 3 serial intradialytic ultrasound scans of the inferior vena cava (IVC-US) performed by a second renal nurse concurrently during the same session. A retrospective data analysis compared all measurements in each individual for the predictive value for IDH. A STROBE checklist for observational cohort studies was used for the reporting of results. RESULTS: Seven subjects experienced episodes of symptomatic intradialytic hypotension (S-IDH), which would have been anticipated by IVC-US or by BIS in 5 patients (71%). Using an algorithm to predict IDH would have provided a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95%. CONCLUSION: Both additional fluid assessment methods would have provided critical information before and during each haemodialysis session. Therefore, we consider them as being potentially effective for the prevention of intradialytic hypotension, with IVC-US being similar to BIS. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Traditional clinical nursing fluid assessment methods in haemodialysis patients do not provide sufficient information to prevent episodes of IDH. Additional objective fluid assessment methods are useful and likely to lead to improved health outcomes in HD patients when applied by renal nurses. A combination of IVC-US, MAP and BIS has potential to reduce the risk of IDH events in HD patients significantly.

Nephrology nurses' perceptions of discussing sexual health issues with patients who have end-stage kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Despite sexual dysfunction (SD) being common among, and affecting quality of life in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving dialysis, sexuality is not a subject that patients and nephrology nurses usually discuss. OBJECTIVE: To explore Thai nephrology nurses' perceptions about discussing sexual health issues with patients receiving dialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A phenomenological approach was applied and data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 participants from four Southern regional hospitals in Thailand between April and June 2016. Recruitment continued until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. FINDINGS: Participants were aged between 27 and 53 years: mean 42.95 (±7.62 SD). Nineteen were female and sixteen were married. Five themes emerged: (1) improving knowledge in order to enhance confidence before discussing sexuality with patients; (2) gaining patients' trust before discussing sexuality; (3) finding an appropriate time to discuss sexuality; (4) organising a suitable setting in which to discuss sexuality and (5) feelings of appreciation for helping patients and their partners overcome their sexual health issues. CONCLUSION: These findings provide an understanding of Thai nurses' perceptions about the challenges in communicating with patients experiencing ESKD regarding sexual health problems and concerns. The findings suggest that sexual health education and training would enhance the confidence of Thai nephrology nurses in initiating sexuality-related discussions with their patients.

The effects of a nurse-supervised home exercise programme on improving patients' perceptions of the benefits and barriers to exercise: A randomised controlled trial.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of a home exercise programme on patients' perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise and adherence to the programme. BACKGROUND: Great efforts have been made to encourage dialysis patients to participate in rehabilitation regimens. The promotion of exercise in this population is still limited. DESIGN: This was a post hoc analysis of a randomised, two-group parallel study. METHODS: A total of 113 adult patients recruited from the haemodialysis units were randomised into two groups on a 1:1 ratio. Both groups received in-centre group exercise training weekly for 6 weeks. The intervention group patients were provided with an additional individualised nurse-led home exercise prescription and behavioural support for 12 weeks. The patients' perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise, adherence to the home exercise prescription and their exercise level at weeks 6 and 12 were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a significant between-group difference in the score on patient perceptions of the barriers and benefits to exercise, with the intervention group reporting a greater reduction in perceived barriers to exercise. Significant group differences were noted in exercise level upon the completion of the programme, with the intervention group reporting higher such levels. The average adherence rate to the negotiated exercise plans was 78.9%. The intervention group of patients did better at meeting or exceeding the minimum exercise goal than did the control group. CONCLUSION: Home exercise prescriptions and behavioural support provided by trained nurses are effective at helping patients to remove barriers to engaging in exercise training. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Physical exercise in a clinical arena should not be considered the exclusive domain of physical therapists; the team could collaborate with nurses to play a core role in making physical exercise for patients an essential practice of care in a multidisciplinary team.

Educational strategies and challenges in peritoneal dialysis: a qualitative study of renal nurses' experiences.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore renal nurses' experiences, strategies and challenges with regard to the patient education process in peritoneal dialysis. BACKGROUND: Patient education in peritoneal dialysis is essential to developing a successful home-based peritoneal dialysis program. In this area research is scarce and there is a particular lack of focus on the perspective of the renal nurse. DESIGN: Qualitative design formed by thematic qualitative text analysis. METHODS: Five group interviews (n = 20) were used to explore the challenges peritoneal dialysis nurses face and the training strategies they use. The interviews were analyzed with thematic qualitative content analysis using deductive and inductive subcategory application. RESULTS: The findings revealed the education barriers perceived by nurses that patients may face. They also showed that using assessment tools is important in peritoneal dialysis patient education, as is developing strategies to promote patient self-management. There is a need for a deeper understanding of affective learning objectives, and existing teaching activities and materials should be revised to incorporate the patient's perspective. Patients usually begin having questions about peritoneal dialysis when they return home and are described as feeling overwhelmed. Adapting existing conditions is considered a major challenge for patients and nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The results provided useful insights into the best approaches to educating peritoneal dialysis patients and served to raise awareness of challenges experienced by renal nurses. Findings underline the need for nosogogy - an approach of teaching adults (andragogy) with a chronic disease. Flexibility and cooperation are competencies that renal nurses must possess. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Still psychomotor skills dominate peritoneal dialysis patient training, there is a need of both a deeper understanding of affective learning objectives and the accurate use of (self-)assessment tools, particularly for health literacy.

Increasing Vaccination Rates in a Pediatric Chronic Hemodialysis Unit.

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for serious complications from vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. Despite this risk, vaccination rates remain low. The barriers to vaccination in the pediatric population on dialysis are multifactorial. The advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is well poised to serve as a wellness champion for this chronic population. This article chronicles an APRN-led quality improvement project to increase vaccination rates to 100% in an outpatient pediatric population on hemodialysis. A quality improvement system was created to systematically review immunizations upon admission to the hemodialysis unit and annually thereafter. Over a two-year period, immunization rates improved significantly.

Camps and Their Benefit to Pediatric Nephrology Patients.

Children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently miss great amounts of school due to hospitalizations and three-times-a week hemodialysis (if that is their modality); thus, they miss opportunities to be with their peers and learn normal social interactions with other students. Because of this lack of normal socialization, many children with ESRD are behind in development in contrast to their peers and need opportunities to enhance their growth and development. One way this can occur for children with ESRD is by providing them opportunities to attend age-appropriate and disease-appropriate camps.

Validation: A Family-Centered Communication Skill.

Family-centered care can seem challenging when family member behavior, choices, attitudes, or emotions are "difficult" or "challenging" to deal with. Yet nurses can develop skills to effectively interact with families in a wide variety of circumstances and then become able to practice family-centered care in any situation that might arise. One particularly useful skill is "validation," which means accepting what the family member says or does as a valid expression of thoughts and feelings in that particular circumstance at that particular time. Validation does not mean there is agreement or acceptance of unsafe behaviors, only that the nurse acknowledges that the family member's concerns and feelings are important and should be listened to and taken seriously, even in the presence of disagreement. Validation, which should be individualized, can take many forms, ranging from providing complete attention to reflection of statements, identification of possible unexpressed emotions, normalization, and finally, a full and genuine sense of connection. Understanding and practicing validation can empower nurses and family members, as well as support effectivefamily-centered communication and problem solving even in challenging circumstances.

IV Iron: To Give or to Hold in the Presence of Infection in Adults Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Intravenous (IV) iron is often given to treat iron deficiency anemia in adults undergoing hemodialysis. Evidence supports an association between IV iron and infection exits, which often create a clinical dilemma: whether to give or to hold in the presence of infection. This article presents the best available evidence regarding the risk of IV iron and infection along with nephrology nursing practice implications.

Active surveillance of prostate cancer: a questionnaire survey of urologists, clinical oncologists and urology nurse specialists across three cancer networks in the United Kingdom.

BACKGROUND: Active surveillance is considered a mainstream strategy in the management of patients with low-risk prostate cancer. A mission-critical step in implementing a robust active surveillance program and plan its resource and service requirements, is to gauge its current practice across the United Kingdom. Furthermore it is imperative to determine the existing practices in the context of the recommendations suggested by the recent National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance on active surveillance of prostate cancer. METHODS: An internet questionnaire was circulated to urologists, clinical oncologists and urology nurse specialists across three geographically distinct cancer networks. Twenty five questions across four domains were assessed. (i) hospital resources (staff and clinical areas) utilised for active surveillance (ii) enrolment criteria (iii) follow up (iv) criteria that trigger conversion to active treatment. RESULTS: We received 35 responses, 20 of which were from urologists. The survey data suggests that there is marked heterogeneity in enrolment criteria with patients having features of intermediate-risk prostate cancer often recruited into Active Surveillance programs. Only 60 % of our respondents use multiparametric MRI routinely to assess patient suitability for active surveillance. In addition, marked variation exists in how patients are followed up with regard to PSA testing intervals and timing of repeat biopsies. Only 40 % undertake a repeat biopsy at 12 months. Tumour upgrading on repeat biopsy, an increase in tumour volume or percentage of core biopsies involved would prompt a recommendation for treatment amongst most survey respondents. In addition allocation of resources and services for active surveillance is poor. Currently there are no dedicated active surveillance clinics, which are well-structured, -resourced and -supported for regular patient counselling and follow up. CONCLUSION: This variability in enrolment criteria and follow up is also demonstrated in international and national series of active surveillance. Resources are not currently in place across the UK to support an active surveillance program and a national discussion and debate to plan resources is much required so that it can become a mainstream therapeutic strategy.

Safe and effective catheterisation for patients in the community.

Approximately 450 000 people use long-term urinary catheters in the UK. Permanent catheters are used by 3% of the community population and occupy an estimated 4% of a district nurse's caseload in the UK. Catheterisation is defined as 'drainage or aspiration of the bladder or urinary reservoir' and can be intermittent or indwelling. Long-term indwelling catheterisation can be transurethral or suprapubic via the anterior abdominal wall. This article will discuss the safe and effective use of different forms of catheterisation for patients in the community setting.